Don't Let Capital Gains Tax Surprise You

If you've owned your home for a long time, chances are its value has increased�maybe even doubled, tripled, or more. But did you know that a law written in 1997 still limits the amount of capital gains tax exclusion, despite skyrocketing home prices?

Currently, homeowners can exclude up to $250,000 in gains if single or $500,000 if married filing jointly when selling their primary residence, as long as they've lived there for at least two of the last five years. But with today's home values, more sellers are finding themselves exceeding this exclusion and facing a significant tax bill.

More Homeowners Are Now Affected

In 2023, nearly 8% of home sales surpassed the $500,000 capital gains exclusion. However, in high-cost states like California (28.8%), Hawaii (23.8%), Washington, D.C. (22.1%), Massachusetts (17.9%), and Washington State (15.2%), the numbers were far higher, according to CoreLogic.

What Happens If You Exceed the Exclusion?

If a homeowner sells their home for more than the exclusion allows, the excess profit is subject to long-term capital gains tax rates of 15% to 20%, plus an additional 3.8% net investment income tax for high earners.

For example, if a married couple sells their home with $1 million in gains, they can exclude $500,000, but the remaining $500,000 is taxed at these rates. Depending on their income bracket, they could owe between $95,000 and $119,000 in taxes; an expense many homeowners don't anticipate.

How to Reduce Your Capital Gains Tax Liability

The key to minimizing capital gains tax is increasing your home's cost basis, which is done by tracking capital improvements made over the years. Many homeowners are aware that large-scale renovations count, but small-dollar upgrades also qualify and can add up significantly over time.

What qualifies as capital improvements:

• Kitchen and bathroom remodels
• New roofs, HVAC systems, and water heaters
• Adding a deck, patio, or additional living space
• Energy-efficient upgrades like new windows or solar panels
• Permanent landscaping enhancements, like retaining walls or irrigation systems

However, repairs and maintenance (like painting, fixing leaks, or replacing worn carpet) typically do not qualify unless they are part of a larger renovation.

The Importance of Tracking Expenses

To take advantage of these tax-saving opportunities, homeowners must document their improvements throughout their entire homeownership.

• Keep receipts for materials and labor
• Take before-and-after pictures of major renovations
• Save contractor invoices or permits for work done
• Maintain a running list of all home upgrades

Without proper records, homeowners could lose out on thousands in potential tax savings.

Stay Informed and Plan Ahead

The capital gains tax law may not have adjusted to today's market, but smart homeowners can take proactive steps to minimize their tax burden. If you're thinking about selling, now is the time to gather your records and consult with a tax professional to ensure you're maximizing your cost basis.

For more information, download IRS Publication 523 and our Homeowners Tax Guide for a detailed look at what qualifies.

If you have any questions about how today's home values impact your potential sale, feel free to reach out...I'm happy to help!

In Life, Only Death, Taxes, and Price Hikes Are Guaranteed

Benjamin Franklin famously stated that "in this world, nothing is certain except death and taxes." While his words still ring true, there's another unavoidable reality in modern life: rising costs. From groceries to energy bills, the cost of living continues to climb, and one of the biggest contributors to this is housing.

Housing has always been a major expense for individuals and families, but recent data highlights just how burdensome it can be. According to an article released in September 2024, renters spent a median of 31.0% of their income on housing costs, while homeowners with a mortgage spent 21.1%, and those without a mortgage spent just 11.5%. Despite this, 18.8 million homeowners were still dedicating more than 30% of their income to housing expenses, illustrating that affordability remains a challenge for many.

The long-term trends in housing costs are equally telling. According to the Federal Reserve Economic Data, rent increases have averaged 3.88% annually over the past 60 years, outpacing the average inflation rate of 3.7% during the same period. Meanwhile, the median home has appreciated at an average annual rate of 5.56%, showing that homeownership not only shields against rising rents but also builds wealth over time.

The financial benefits of homeownership extend far beyond escaping annual rent hikes. The latest Federal Reserve Board Survey of Consumer Finance reveals that median homeowners have 38 times the household wealth of renters. This wealth disparity underscores the power of owning a tangible asset like a home, which appreciates in value and provides stability in a world of ever-increasing costs.

While rising home prices and higher mortgage rates may deter some from entering the housing market, it's important to consider the long-term financial advantages of homeownership. Waiting on the sidelines, hoping for prices or rates to drop significantly, could mean missing out on years of equity growth and continued rent hikes.

A significant factor influencing today's housing decisions is mortgage rates. The historically low rates seen before the pandemic were an anomaly, not the norm. The 52-year Freddie Mac average for 30-year fixed-rate mortgages is 7.74%, which is much closer to the rates we're seeing today. For prospective buyers, accepting the current rates as the "new normal" is key to moving forward and securing the long-term benefits of homeownership.

While some individuals are genuinely priced out of the housing market, many are financially capable of purchasing a home but are hesitant due to uncertainty. However, delaying a purchase means continuing to pay rising rents and missing out on the wealth-building potential of owning a home. Even at current rates, the long-term advantages of homeownership�including equity growth, tax benefits, and protection against inflation�far outweigh the costs of waiting.

Death, taxes, and rising costs are life's unavoidable truths, but how you navigate them can shape your financial future. Housing represents one of the most significant expenses for individuals and choosing to own rather than rent can make a profound difference in wealth accumulation and financial security.

While mortgage rates and home prices may feel intimidating, they reflect a long-term norm rather than an exception. For those who can afford to buy now, stepping into the market could be the key to securing stability and wealth in an uncertain world. Don't let hesitation hold you back from building a solid foundation for your future. 

Download the Homeowners Tax Guide.